Nouns الأسماء

Definition: A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events and feelings.

التعريف: الأسم هو كلمة تستخدم للدلالة على اشخاص, حيوانات,الأجسام ، والمواد ، والدول ، والأحداث والمشاعر

For example:


Table
Pencil
The dog
A white house
Nouns also denote abstract and intangible concepts.(للدلالة على مفاهيم مجردة وغير ملموسة)
For example:


birth
happiness
evolution
technology, etc.
Noun Plurals الأسماء الجمع

We are going to explain some rules that will help you to form the plural forms of the nouns. The general rule is to add "-s" to the noun in singular.
For example:


Book - Books
House - Houses
Chair - Chairs
When the singular noun ends in: -sh, -ch, -s, -ss, -x, -o we form their plural form by adding "-es".
For example:


sandwich - sandwiches
brush - brushes
bus - buses
box - boxes
potato - potatoes
When the singular noun ends in "y", we change the "y" for "i" and then add "-es" to form the plural form. But do not change the "y" for "ies" to form the plural when the singular noun ends in "y" preceded by a vowel.
For example:


nappy - nappies
day - days
toy - toys
However, there are many Irregular Nouns which do not form the plural in this way:

(هناك العديد من الأسماء الشواذ التى لا ينطبق عليها الصيغ الجمع السابقة)

For example:


Woman - Women
Child - Children
Sheep - Sheep
Nouns may take an " 's " ("apostrophe s") . If the noun already has an -s ending to mark the plural, then the genitive marker appears only as an apostrophe after the plural form.
For example:


my girlfriend's brother
John's house
The Browns' house
The boys' pens
The genitive marker should not be confused with the " 's " form of contracted verbs, as in John's a good student = John is a good student.
Noun Gender جنس الأسم

Many common nouns, like "engineer" or "teacher", can refer to men or women. Many English nouns would change form depending on their gender. For example: A man was called an "author" while a woman was called an "authoress".
For example:


David Garrick was a very prominent eighteenth-century actor.
Sarah Siddons was at the height of her career as an actress in the 1780s.
The manager was trying to write an advertisment, but he couldn't decide whether he was advertising for a "waiter" or a "waitress"
Types of Nouns انواع الأسماء


Proper nouns are the names of specific things, people, or places, such as Jhon, France. They usually begin with a capital letter.


Abstract nouns refer to ideas or qualities such as liberty and truth.


Common nouns are general names such as person, mansion, and book. They can be either concrete or abstract.


Concrete nouns refer to things which you can sense such as clock and telephone.

الأسماء الملموسة : هى أشارة الأشياء الملموسة مثل الساعة و التليفون.

Countable nouns refer to things which can be counted (can be singular or plural)

الأسماء القابلة للعدَ : هى الأشاياء التى يمكن عدَها و يمكن ان تكون مفرد او جمع

Uncountable nouns refer to some groups of uncountable nouns, substances, feelings and types of activity (can only be singular)

و الآن اليكم الشرح التفصيلى لكل نوع على حدى:

PROPER NOUNالأسم السليم

Definition: Proper nouns ( also called proper names) are the words which name specific people, organisations, places, titles, cities, countries, calendar times, etc. They are always written with a capital letter.
For example:


Janet; Simon; John Wesley; London; The President; Tuesday; Christmas; Thanksgiving; Atlantic Ocean; Spain.
Examples:


Peter lives in Spain.
Many people dread Monday mornings.
Beltane is celebrated on the first of May.
Abraham appears in the Talmud and in the Koran

ABSTRACT NOUN الأسماء المجردة

Definition: An abstract noun refers to states, events, concepts, feelings, qualities, etc., that have no physical existence.

Examples:


Friendship; peace; romance; humor are all abstract nouns that have no physical existence.

COMMON NOUN الأسم المشترك

Definition: A common noun is a word that names people, places, things, or ideas. They are not the names of a single person, place or thing. A common noun begins with a lowercase letter unless it is at the beginning of a sentence.

Examples:


People: man, woman, girl, baby, son, dughther, policeman, teacher
Animals: cat, dog, fish, ant, snake
Things: bear, book, boat, table, chair, phone
Places: bank, school, city, building, shop
Ideas: love, hate, idea, pride
Example sentences:


apple: I love a good red apple after dinner.
dog, yard: The black dog is in my yard.
book, table: The red book is on the table.
call: Give me a call when you arrive.

CONCRETE NOUN الأسماء الملموسة

Definition: Concrete nouns refers to objects and substances, including people and animals, physical items that we can perceive through our senses, that means concrete nouns can be touched, felt, held, something visible, smelt, taste, or be heard.

Concrete nouns can be countable nouns or uncountable nouns, and singular nouns or plural nouns. Concrete nouns can also be a common noun, proper nouns and collective nouns.

Example:


This is my house.

* In this example the noun "house" names a building where I live. That building is an individual object and can be seen and touched by everyone.
Other examples:


Common Concrete Nouns:
snake, cat, table, girl, water
Countable Concrete Nouns (Singular):
table, computer, book, door
Countable Concrete Nouns (Plural):
tables, computers, books, doors
Uncountable Concrete Nouns:
sugar, rice, water, air, oil, salt, cheese
Proper Nouns:
Mrs. Jones, Tom Cruse, Max Ryan
* "Time" is a concept that has no physical existence; it is not a Concrete Noun

COUNTABLE NOUN الأسماء القابلة للعد

Definition: A Count Noun is a noun which can be modified by a numeral and occur in both singular and plural form, as well as co-occurring with quantificational determiners like every, each, several, most, etc. Countable nouns are individual objects, people, places, etc. which can be counted. Count nouns can be made plural, usually by adding -s or -es at the end.
For example:


She saw seven cows in the garden
There is a cow in the garden.
Every cow is an animal.
Examples:

Usually count nouns
Persons	Places	Things
child/ren teacher/s student/s plumber/s lawyer/s psychologist/s historian/s economist/s biologist/s reporter/s dean/s coordinator/s researcher/s	store/s mall/s park/s bar/s office/s school/s home/s station/s church/es deli/s cafeteria/s shop/s airport/s	shoe/s car/s door/s house/s key/s letter/s chair/s box/es cow/s poster/s glass/es ball/s

Some nouns, like the word time, beauty, fire, death, gossip can be used as either a count noun, or a non-count noun.
For example:


How much time did it take for you to drive to school?.
Here, time is a non-count noun, because it refers to a category that contains smaller items (think of it as a "group" of minutes).
How many times did you take the test before you passed?.
Here, time is a count noun, because you can count exactly how many separate times you took the test.
They had a death in the family.
Death is a tragic thing.
Supermarkets have aisles for different foods.
The animals at the zoo wanted food.
The "much" and "many" Rule
Many is used with count nouns.
For example:


How many papers do you have to write?
There were too many books required for that class.
Much is used with non-count nouns.
For example:


How much homework did you have last night?
I had to read so much literature for my English class.
You can use "some" and "any" with countable nouns.

For example:


Some dogs can be dangerous.
I don't use any computers at work.
You only use "many" and "few" with plural countable nouns.

For example:


Many elephants have been hunted.
There are few elephants in England.
You can use "a lot of" and "no" with plural countable nouns.

For example:


No computers were bought last week.
A lot of computers were reported broken the week before.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNالأسماء الغير قابلة للعد

Definition: An uncountable noun (or non-count noun) is a type of common noun that cannot be modified by a number without specifying a unit of measurement. In general, non-count nouns are considered to refer to indivisible wholes (which are not individual objects and can not be counted). For this reason, they are sometimes called MASS nouns. Uncountable nouns are used to describe a quality, action, thing or substance that can be poured or measured. Non-Count nouns also refer to a whole category made up of different varieties or a whole group of things that is made up of many individual parts. Uncountable nouns are always singular. Use the singular form of the verb with uncountable nouns.
For example:


There is some water in that pitcher.
That is the equipment we use for the project.
Examples:

Usually non-count nouns
Things	Qualities	Actions	Fields of Study
water stuff money advice proof equipment dust homework fun information ink luck	dependability honesty loyalty sincerity integrity	walking/to walk typing/to type jumping/to jump thinking/to think swimming/to swim	psychology history social work economics biology English anatomy philosophy religion theology

Some nouns, like the word time, beauty, fire, death, gossip can be used as either a count noun, or a non-count noun.
For example:


How much time did it take for you to drive to school?.
Here, time is a non-count noun, because it refers to a category that contains smaller items (think of it as a "group" of minutes).
How many times did you take the test before you passed?.
Here, time is a count noun, because you can count exactly how many separate times you took the test.
They had a death in the family.
Death is a tragic thing.
Supermarkets have aisles for different foods.
The animals at the zoo wanted food.
The "much" and "many" Rule
Many is used with count nouns.
For example:


How many papers do you have to write?
There were too many books required for that class.
Much is used with non-count nouns.
For example:


How much homework did you have last night?
I had to read so much literature for my English class.
You can use "some" and "any" with uncountable nouns.

For example:


I usually drink some wine with my meal.
I don't usually drink any water with my wine.
You only use "much" and "little" with uncountable nouns.

For example:


I don't usually drink much coffee.
Little wine is undrinkable though.
You can use "a lot of" and "no" with uncountable nouns.

For example:


A lot of wine is drunk in France.
No wine is drunk in Iran.


و بكدا نكون انتهينا من درس الأسماء و ان شاء الله هيكون فى موضوع تدريبات على الدرس

كم انت رائعة يا سارة
انا بحييكى من كل قلبى
د/هانى

شكرا ليكم و لتشجعكم ليا

شكرا على ردك
و ان شاء الله هحاول اجيب دروس صوتية