Auxiliary verbs الافعال المساعدة

Definition: Auxiliary verbs are used together with a main verb to give grammatical information and therefore add extra meaning to a sentence, which is not given by the main verb.
تستخدم مع الافعال الاساسية لاعطاء معلومة نحوية و بالتالى تضيف معنى للجملة لم يكن موجود بالفعل الاساسى
Be, Do and Have are auxiliary verbs, they are irregular verbs and can be used as main verbs.
هذه افعال مساعدة و يمكن ايضا ان تكون افعال اساسية

To be: Be is the most common verb in the English language.It is used a lot in its other forms. هو اكثر الافعال شيوعا فى اللغة الانجليزية

Uses:استخداماته

Am/Is/Are:
الاجابة بالنفى الاجابة بالموافقة السؤال

Note: The auxiliary verb 'be' can be followed either by the -ed form or by the -ing form.
يمكن له ان يلحق بـ ed او ing

To do: is often used in questions. يستخدم غالبا لصيغ السؤال

Uses:

Do / Does

Note: The auxiliary verb 'do' is always followed by the base form (infinitive). دائما يلحقه الفعل فى المصدر


To have: is used in a variety of ways. يستخدم فى عدة احوال

Uses:

Have/Has

Have is often used to indicate possession (I have) or (I have got). للاشارة الى الحيازية او الامتلاك

Examples:

Have is also used to indicate necessity (I have to) or (I have got to). للاشارة الى الضرورية

Have is used to show an action. لاظهار عمل ما

Note: When showing an action 'have' is always followed by the past participle form.

MODAL


Definition:


modals only exist in their helping form;
they cannot act alone as the principle verb in a sentence.
Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility, intention, obligation and necessity.
تظهر فقط فى شكلها المساعد
لا يمكنها ان تكون فعل مستقل بذاته فى الجملة
توضح افكار مثل الاحتمالية, النية, الالتزام و الضرورة

For example:


You can have a sweet if you like.
Jhon will be a footballer some day.
The Modal verbs are: Can, Could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, will, would.

Modal	Example	Uses
Can	They can control their own budgets. We can’t fix it. Can I smoke here? Can you help me?	Ability / Possibility Inability / Impossibility Asking for permission Request
Could	Could I borrow your dictionary? Could you say it again more slowly? We could try to fix it ourselves. I think we could have another Gulf War. He gave up his old job so he could work for us.	Asking for permission. Request Suggestion Future possibility Ability in the past
May	May I have another cup of coffee? China may become a major economic power.	Asking for permission Future possibility
Might	They might give us a 10% discount.	Future possibility
Must	We must say good-bye now. They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary.	Necessity / Obligation Prohibition
Ought to	We ought to employ a professional writer.	Saying what’s right or correct
Shall	Shall I help you with your luggage? Shall we say 2.30 then? Shall I do that or will you?	Offer Suggestion Asking what to do
Should	We should sort out this problem at once. I think we should check everything again. Profits should increase next year.	Saying what’s right or correct Recommending action Uncertain prediction
Will	I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk. I'll do that for you if you like. I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday. Profits will increase next year.	Instant decisions Offer Promise Certain prediction
Would	Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me? Would you pass the salt please? Would you mind waiting a moment? "Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine." Would you like to play golf this Friday? "Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea please."	Asking for permission Request Request Making arrangements Invitation Preferences

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